The Republic of Tatarstan is located in the east of the East European Plain and is divided into three parts by the valleys of the Volga and Kama rivers. Among the tourists most popular are the local excursion routes, because in the territory of Tatarstan there are many "historical cities" where architectural monuments, ensembles and complexes that are monuments of history and culture are preserved.
The capital of the republic is Kazan. Interesting cities: Naberezhnye Chelny, Zelenodolsk, Nizhnekamsk, Almetievsk, Chistopol, Bugulma, Elabuga, Bolgar, Bilyarsk, Arsk
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Some history
The first state in the region was the Volga Bulgaria, created by the Turkic tribes at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century by the Turkic tribes . Bulgaria was for the longest time the only developed state formation in the northeast of Europe . B 922 as the state religion Islam was adopted, then Bulgaria joined the empire of Chingiz-Khan, and after it became part of the Golden Horde . As a result of the collapse of the Golden Horde in the Volga region, cloque the new feudal state - the Kazan Khanate (1438 g .) After the capture of Kazan in 1552 by the troops of Ivan the Terrible, the Kazan Khanate ceased to exist and was annexed to the Russian state .
In 1708 the territory of today's Tatarstan is a part of a huge Kazan province, whose original borders stretched in the north to Kostroma, in the east to the Urals, in the south to the Terek River, in the west to Murom and Penza. Kazan retains the status of the capital of the province for over 200 years.
Tatars are the only people in the Volga region, professing Islam. This religion was different from others, the abstract concept of God, it did not cultivate its image. You can not also depict any living thing - a person, a bird, an animal. From here came the calligraphic ornament, as well as shamail.
Shamail - a picture depicting the holy places of Islam, containing philosophical sayings, aphorisms, quotes from poetic masterpieces of the East, along with suras (chapters from the Koran), made with beautiful Arabic script. The Shamailas were painted with blue, blue, green colors on glass or paper with decorative inserts made of velvet or foilThe climate of the Republic of Tatarstan
The climate is moderately continental, the average temperature of January is -13 ... -18 ° С, July + 19 ... + 20 ° C.
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Cuisine and restaurants of the Republic of Tatarstan
Tatar national cuisine is interesting and diverse . As a legacy from the Bulgars, she received Katyk, Ball-May, Kabartma, supplemented with the Tatar chak-chak, ech-poumak, Finno-Ugric cuisine presented pelmeni, Chinese tea, Uzbek pilau, Tajik - Pakhlevo.
The basis of nutrition - meat and dairy and vegetable food. Favorite meat of Tatars is lamb and poultry. A favorite Tatar beverage is prepared from the fermented milk - Katyk, from which it is made - Tatar curd.
Soups and broths (shulpa, tokmach) are the most typical of the variety of dishes: meat, dairy and lean; flour pastry products - belshki, peremyachi, backkens, ech-poumaks, sums and others with stuffing from meat, potatoes or porridge . To tea is served refreshment from sweet dough katlama, kosh-body, chak-chak - obligatory refreshment at the wedding . From honey prepare a feast in honor of the birth of a child - puree-alba, wedding delicacy - ball-mai . Sherbet - sweet fruit and honey drink - also used during the wedding ceremony: the bride sends it to guests who, after drinking sherbet, put her on the tray as a present .
Entertainment, excursions and attractions of the Republic of Tatarstan
In 2006 the tourist route "Pearl necklace of Tatarstan" was developed, consisting of two rings - Small and Big.
Small Ring surrounds Kazan and passes through the territories of the municipal districts adjacent to the capital of the republic: Zelenodolsky, Verkhneuslonsky, Laishevsky, Pestrechinsky and Arsky. Each of them has an original culture, ethnic composition, nature, history and architecture. Radial sightseeing routes are popular: Kazan - Raifa, Kazan - island-grad Sviyazhsk, Kazan - Laishevo, Kazan - Arsk, Kazan - Kokushkino.
Big ring unites Kazan, Bolgar, Bilyarsk, Chistopol and Yelabuga. The greatest interest for tourists here is represented by historical and architectural reserve museums (Kazan Kremlin, Bulgarians, Bilyarsk, Yelabuga), excavations of ancient settlements (Djuketau, Bilyar, Suvar), as well as unique natural territories of the Volga-Kama Reserve, Spassky Reserve and Pure Meadows.
Events
Traditionally, international and republican festivals and competitions are held in the republic: the opera art named after F. Shalyapin, the classical ballet named after R. Nuriev, the festival of contemporary music "Europe-Asia", the competition of the performers of the Tatar song "Tatar zhyry", accordionists F. Tuishev, theatrical Festival of the name of K. Tinchurin, S. Saidashev vocalists contest
Festive culture of the Tatars includes both religious (Kurban-bairam, Uraza-bairam, Ramadan), and secular holidays celebrated at a certain time of the year. The calendar cycle of national holidays begins on the day of the vernal equinox (March 21) - Nauruz. On this day, the shakirds (students of the madrassah) bypass the houses with songs-wishes for well-being and health, in response the hosts present them with treats.
Then comes the time of spring sowing - the Sabantuy festival is celebrated. The culmination of the holiday is Maydan - competitions in running, jumping, national wrestling (kuresh) and, of course, horse racing. Particularly revered are the Muslim holidays. Kurban-bairam - a feast of sacrifice in memory of the readiness of the prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son to Allah. A few weeks before the holiday, they begin to fatten the sacrificial animal, it is considered obligatory to cook food from the meat.
Uraza-bairam is celebrated after the end of the thirty-day fasting month of Ramadan. In the morning, having tasted sweets, Muslims go to the mosque, and in the evening a festive family feast is held.
Tatars are very hospitable people. For the guest put the best treats - sweet chak-chak, lime honey and, of course, sweet-scented tea. "An inhospitable person - inferior" - was considered among Muslims. Guests are accepted not only to treat, but also to give gifts, according to custom and the guest should meet the same.
The most significant family events in the Tatars are wedding and the birth of a child. There were three types of marriages: matchmaking, the girl's departure to the beloved without the permission of the parents and the abduction of the girl without her desire. The most common was the marriage of matchmaking. A joyful event for the family is the birth of a child. At the feast about the birth of the baby, men and women were invited separately.Photo of the Republic of Tatarstan (165)